Ukuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe Bokulwa Nokugqwala Kwepayipi Lensimbi Kuvikela Ukuphepha Nesikhathi Sokuphila Kwezokuthutha Zezimboni
Emikhakheni yezokuthutha ye-petrochemical, ukuphakelwa kwamanzi kamasipala, kanye negesi yemvelo, amapayipi ensimbi, njengezimoto zokuthutha eziyinhloko, ahlala ebhekene nezinselele eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukugqwala kwenhlabathi, ukuguguleka kwemidiya, kanye nokushiswa komoya. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi impilo yesevisi emaphakathi yamapayipi ensimbi angaphathwanga ingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu, kuyilapho leyo yokwelashwa okujwayelekile kokulwa nokugqwala ingandiswa ibe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20. Ngokuthuthuka kwezimboni kanye nezidingo zokuvikela imvelo eziphakeme, ubuchwepheshe bokulwa nokugqwala kwamapayipi ensimbi buguquke kusukela ekuvikelweni kokumbozwa okukodwa kuya esigabeni esisha sokuvikelwa komjikelezo wokuphila ogcwele okuhlanganisa "ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto, ukwenza ngcono inqubo, kanye nokuqapha okuhlakaniphile."
Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokulwa nokugqwala kwamapayipi ensimbi bunikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo ezenzelwe izimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa. Emkhakheni wamapayipi angcwatshwe, izembozo zokulwa nokugqwala ze-3PE (i-polyethylene coating enezingqimba ezintathu) ziyisisombululo esithandwayo samapayipi kawoyela negesi ahamba ibanga elide ngenxa yokumelana kwawo okuhle kakhulu nokucindezeleka komhlabathi kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-cathodic. Isakhiwo sazo esihlanganisiwe, esakhiwe yi-base epoxy powder, inhlaka ephakathi, kanye nengqimba yangaphandle ye-polyethylene, sinikeza kokubili ukuvikelwa kokugqwala kanye nokulimala. Kumapayipi e-acid ne-alkaline embonini yamakhemikhali, izembozo ze-fluorocarbon kanye nengqimba yepulasitiki zinikeza izinzuzo. Eyokuqala isebenzisa ukungasebenzi kwamakhemikhali kwama-fluororesins ukumelana nemidiya egqwala kakhulu, kuyilapho eyesibili ihlukanisa ngokoqobo imidiya ethuthwayo epayipini lensimbi ngokwayo ngokufaka udonga lwangaphakathi ngezinto ezifana ne-polyethylene ne-polytetrafluoroethylene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hot-dip galvanizing isetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezigqwala kancane njengezinhlelo zamanzi zikamasipala kanye nokukhipha amanzi kanye nezisekelo zesakhiwo sensimbi ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi kanye nokufakwa okulula. Isenzo se-anodic somhlatshelo wesendlalelo se-zinc sinikeza ukuvikelwa kwe-electrochemical okuhlala isikhathi eside kwepayipi lensimbi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yepayipi lensimbi yokulwa nokugqwala. Izinqubo zokupenda ngesandla zendabuko, ngenxa yezinkinga ezifana nokujiya okungalingani kokumboza kanye nokunamathela okubi, kancane kancane zithathelwa indawo yimigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo. Ubuchwepheshe bamanje bokufutha nge-electrostatic kanye nobuchwepheshe bokufutha obungenamoya bungafinyelela ukubekezelelana kokujiya kokumboza ngaphakathi kuka-±5%. Emkhakheni wezinto zokulwa nokugqwala, izembozo ze-epoxy ezisekelwe emanzini ezinobungani nemvelo kanye nezembozo ezilwa nokugqwala eziguqulwe nge-graphene kancane kancane zithatha indawo yezembozo ezisekelwe ku-solvent, zinciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-VOC ngenkathi zithuthukisa ukumelana nesimo sezulu sokumboza kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindlela zokuqapha ezihlakaniphile ziqala ukuhlanganiswa ezinhlelweni zokulwa nokugqwala. Amapayipi ensimbi kwamanye amaphrojekthi abalulekile manje afakwe izinzwa zokugqwala. Lezi zinzwa ziqoqa izimpawu zamanje zokugqwala kanye nomonakalo wokumboza odongeni lwangaphandle lwepayipi, okuvumela isixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sezingozi zokugqwala kanye nokulungiswa okunembile.
Kumaphrojekthi okulwa nokugqwala kwamapayipi ensimbi, ukuvumelana kwemboni ukuthi “izinto zokwakha ezingu-30%, ukwakhiwa okungu-70%.” Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa, ubuso bepayipi lensimbi kumele buqhunyiswe ngesihlabathi ukuze kususwe ukugqwala futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ubuso buqinile obungu-Sa2.5 noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kwelashwa kususa nokungcola okufana namafutha, isikali, nokunye ukungcola, okuvula indlela yokunamathela kwe-coating. Ngesikhathi sokwakha, ukujiya kwe-coating, izinga lokushisa lokupholisa, kanye nesikhathi kumele kulawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha afana nemigodi egobile kanye nokuvuza kwe-coating. Ngemva kokuqedwa, ukusebenza kahle kwe-anti-corrosion kumele kuqinisekiswe ngezindlela ezifana nokuhlolwa kwe-spark kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-adhesion. Kuphela ngokusungula inqubo ebanzi, evaliwe ehlanganisa “ukukhethwa kwezinto - ukwelashwa kwendawo - ukuphathwa nokulawulwa kokwakhiwa - ngemuva kokulungiswa” lapho inani lesikhathi eside le-anti-corrosion yamapayipi ensimbi lingabonakala khona ngempela.
Ngokuthuthuka kwemigomo "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabili" kanye nokwanda kwezidingo zokuphepha kwezimboni, ubuchwepheshe bokulwa nokugqwala kwamapayipi ensimbi buzoqhubeka nokuthuthuka buye ezindleleni eziluhlaza, ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, nezihlakaniphile. Esikhathini esizayo, izinto ezintsha zokulwa nokugqwala ezihlanganisa izakhiwo zekhabhoni ephansi nokuvikelwa kwesikhathi eside, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ukulwa nokugqwala ezihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuphindwe kabili bedijithali, zizoba yizinto ezibalulekile zocwaningo nentuthuko embonini. Lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngesivikelo esiqinile sokuphepha samapayipi ahlukahlukene ezimboni futhi kufake isandla ekusebenzeni kwengqalasizinda okusezingeni eliphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-14-2025