Njengesigaba esibalulekile samapuleti ensimbi, amapuleti esiqukathi adlala indima ebalulekile embonini yanamuhla. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okukhethekile kanye nezakhiwo zawo, asetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza imikhumbi yokucindezela ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile zokumelana nokucindezela, izinga lokushisa kanye nokugqwala ezimweni ezahlukene zezimboni.
Ukwakheka okukhethekile kanye nokusebenza
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwamapuleti esitsheni kwenziwa ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi anokusebenza okuhle kakhulu okuphelele. Ngaphezu kwezinto eziyisisekelo, izinto ze-alloy ezifana ne-chromium, i-nickel, i-molybdenum, ne-vanadium zengezwa ngokuya ngezimo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa kanye nezidingo zokusebenza. Ukwengezwa kwalezi zinto kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo amandla, ukuqina, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwamapuleti esitsheni, okwenza afanelekele izimo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngokuphathelene nezakhiwo zemishini, amapuleti esitsha anamandla nokuqina okuhle kakhulu. Amandla aphezulu awenza akwazi ukumelana nengcindezi enkulu ngaphandle kokuguquka noma ukuqhekeka; ukuqina okuhle kungagwema ukuphuka okubuthakathaka ngaphansi kwamandla angaphandle njengokushayisana noma ukudlidliza, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwemishini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza kwayo okuhle kokushisela kanye nokusebenza kokucubungula kwenza kube lula ukwenza imikhumbi yokucindezela yezimo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokucaciswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zobunjiniyela ezahlukahlukene.
Ukuhlukaniswa okucebile nokuhlukahlukene
Ngokwezindinganiso ezahlukene, amapuleti esitsha angahlukaniswa ngezindlela eziningi. Ngokwenhloso, angahlukaniswa abe yinsimbi yesitsha esinomfutho ojwayelekile, insimbi yesitsha esinomfutho ophansi, insimbi yesitsha esinomfutho ophakeme, ipuleti lensimbi engagqwali elihlanganisiwe, njll. Insimbi yesitsha esinomfutho ojwayelekile ifanelekela izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nelijwayelekile, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi neliphansi, futhi iyinto eyisisekelo esetshenziswa kakhulu; insimbi yesitsha esinomfutho ophansi inokuqina okuhle kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi futhi ifanelekela izinga lokushisa eliphansi; insimbi yesitsha esinomfutho ophakeme ingagcina ukusebenza okuzinzile endaweni enokushisa okuphezulu futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zezimo zokusebenza ezinokushisa okuphezulu; ipuleti lensimbi engagqwali elihlanganisiwe lihlanganisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali kanye namandla ensimbi evamile, futhi ifanelekela izigcawu ezinezidingo ezikhethekile zokumelana nokugqwala.
Ngokwendlela yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, amapuleti esiqukathi angahlukaniswa abe amapuleti esiqukathi sensimbi yekhabhoni, amapuleti esiqukathi sensimbi e-alloy ephansi kanye namapuleti esiqukathi sensimbi engagqwali. Amapuleti esiqukathi sensimbi yekhabhoni anezindleko eziphansi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo; amapuleti esiqukathi sensimbi e-alloy ephansi athuthukise kakhulu amandla, ukuqina kanye nokumelana nokugqwala ngokufaka izakhi ze-alloy; amapuleti esiqukathi sensimbi engagqwali avame ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini ezinezidingo eziphezulu kakhulu zokumelana nokugqwala njengemboni yamakhemikhali kanye nokudla ngenxa yokumelana kwawo okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala.
Izinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza ezibanzi
Amapuleti ezitsha anezinhlobo eziningi zezicelo futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini ezifana ne-petroleum, imboni yamakhemikhali, iziteshi zikagesi, ama-boiler, njll. Embonini yamakhemikhali kaphethiloli, isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imishini efana nama-reactor, ama-heat exchanger, ama-separators, amathangi ayindilinga, amathangi kawoyela negesi, kanye namatanki egesi ancibilikisiwe. Le mishini idinga ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima njengokushisa okuphezulu, umfutho ophezulu, kanye nokugqwala okunamandla. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwamapuleti ezitsha kunikeza isiqinisekiso esithembekile sokusebenza kwawo okuphephile nokuzinzile.
Emkhakheni weziteshi zikagesi nama-boiler, amapuleti esiqukathi asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezibalulekile njengezigubhu zebhoyila kanye nemikhumbi yokucindezela i-reactor yenuzi. Amapuleti esiqukathi kudingeka amelane nomusi oshisa kakhulu nowengcindezi ephezulu, okudinga amandla aphezulu kakhulu kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwezinto; imikhumbi yokucindezela i-reactor yenuzi ihlobene nokusebenza okuphephile kwezitshalo zikagesi zenuzi, futhi kubekwa amazinga acishe abe lukhuni ekhwalithini nasekusebenzeni kwamapuleti esiqukathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, embonini yezemithi, ukudla, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nezinye izimboni, amapuleti esiqukathi nawo asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imikhumbi ehlukahlukene yokugcina izinto kanye neyokusabela ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezikhethekile zomkhakha zokuhlanzeka, ukumelana nokugqwala, njll.
Isimo sokulethwa esihlukahlukene
Isimo sokulethwa kwamapuleti esiqukathi sihlanganisa kakhulu ukugoqa okushisayo, ukugoqa okulawulwayo, ukujwayeza, ukujwayeza + ukufutha, ukufutha + ukucinywa (ukushisa), njll. Izimo ezahlukene zokulethwa zizokwenza amapuleti esiqukathi aveze izinhlangano nezakhiwo ezahlukene. Esimweni sokugoqa okushisayo, izindleko zepuleti lensimbi ziphansi, kodwa ukusebenza okufanayo kubi kakhulu; ukugoqa okulawulwayo kungacwengisisa okusanhlamvu futhi kuthuthukise amandla nokuqina kwepuleti lensimbi ngokulawula ngokunembile imingcele yenqubo yokugoqa; ukujwayeza kungenza isakhiwo sepuleti lensimbi sifane futhi kuthuthukise izakhiwo zemishini; ukujwayeza + ukufutha kungasusa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, kuthuthukise ukuqina kanye nokuzinza kobukhulu; ukujwayeza nokushisa kungenza ipuleti lensimbi lithole inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yamandla aphezulu nokuqina okuhle.
Ukukhethwa kwesimo sokulethwa esifanele kudinga ukucatshangelwa okubanzi kwezici ezifana nezimo zokusetshenziswa, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula kanye nezindleko zesitsha. Isibonelo, ezitsheni zokucindezela ezingaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu kanye nokuthinteka, isimo sokulethwa sokwelashwa kokucima nokushisa sivame ukusetshenziswa; kuyilapho kwezinye izitsha ezizwela kakhulu ezindleleni futhi ezinezidingo zokusebenza eziphansi, amapuleti esitsha ashiswayo noma ajwayelekile angafaneleka kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-22-2025