Amapuleti ensimbi engagqwali angu-201 no-304 ayizinhlobo ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic. Umehluko wawo oyinhloko usekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali (okuqukethwe yi-nickel ne-chromium), okuholela ekuhlukeni okuhlukile ekumelaneni nokugqwala, izakhiwo zemishini, izindleko, kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa. Ngezansi ukuqhathanisa okuningiliziwe:
1. Umehluko Omkhulu: Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
I-Nickel (Ni) kanye ne-chromium (Cr) yizinto ezibalulekile zokumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali. Umehluko kokuqukethwe kwazo umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwamazinga amabili:
| Ibanga | Okuqukethwe kwe-Chromium (Cr) | Okuqukethwe kwe-Nickel (Ni) | Okuqukethwe kwe-Manganese (Mn) | Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni (C) | Isici Sokufaka Esikhundleni |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 201 Insimbi Engagqwali | 16%–18% | 3.5%–5.5% | 5.5%–7.5% | ≤0.15% | Isebenzisa i-manganese ephezulu ukuze ithathe indawo yengxenye ye-nickel ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko |
| 304 Insimbi Engagqwali | 18%–20% | 8%–10.5% | ≤2% | ≤0.08% | Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nickel ne-chromium, akukho ukushintshwa kwe-manganese |
2. Umehluko Obalulekile Wokusebenza
(1) Ukumelana Nokugqwala
- 201 Insimbi Engagqwali: Ukumelana nokugqwala okubi. Ingamelana kuphela nezimo ezomile zangaphakathi noma izimo ezinomswakama omncane. Ivame ukugqwala ezindaweni ezisogwini, ezinamakhemikhali ane-acid, noma ezinosawoti omningi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokushisela.
- 304 Insimbi Engagqwali: Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala. Ingamelana nomswakama, ama-asidi abuthakathaka nama-alkali, kanye nokuchayeka emvuleni yangaphandle. Kuyindlela eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kokudla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendabuko, ihlangabezana nezidingo zansuku zonke zokumelana nokugqwala.
(2) Izakhiwo Zemishini
- Insimbi Engagqwali engu-201: Ubulukhuni obuphezulu kanye namandla amakhulu kancane, kodwa bungaphansi kuka-304 ngokuguguleka kanye nokuqina. Ivame ukuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokucubungula futhi ayisebenzi kahle ekugobeni nasekululekeni.
- 304 Insimbi Engagqwali: Iqinile futhi iqinile, kulula ukuyigoba, ukuyinyathela, nokuyishisela. Ayiguquguquki noma ukuqhekeka ngemva kokucutshungulwa, okwenza ifanelekele izimo zokwenziwa eziyinkimbinkimbi.
(3) Ukumelana Nokushisa Okuphezulu
- 201 Insimbi Engagqwali: Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kungama-300℃; isengozini yokushiswa yi-oxidation kanye nokuguqulwa kwayo ngale kwaleli zinga lokushisa.
- 304 Insimbi Engagqwali: Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kungaba ngu-800℃, okusebenza ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu nezisezingeni eliphezulu njengama-oven namathangi angaphakathi esifudumezi samanzi.
(4) Izindleko
- Insimbi Engagqwali engu-201: Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphansi kwe-nickel, ishibhile ngo-30%–50% kune-304, okwenza ibe yizinga lensimbi engagqwali elingabizi kakhulu.
- 304 Insimbi Engagqwali: Izindleko eziphakeme, ezisebenza njengezinto ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa kwempahla kanye nezinga lokudla.
3. Ukuqhathaniswa Kwesimo Sesicelo
| Izicelo zePleti Yensimbi Engagqwali ezingama-201 | Izicelo zePleti Lensimbi Engagqwali ezingama-304 |
|---|---|
| Imihlobiso yangaphakathi eyomile (ozimele beminyango, amashalofu, amabhodi okukhangisa) | Imishini yasekhishini (izinki, izinto zasekhishini, amakhabethe okubulala amagciwane) |
| Izingxenye zesakhiwo ezingathwali umthwalo, izivikelo, amanetha okulwa nokwebiwa | Imishini yokucubungula ukudla, amadivayisi ezokwelapha, amapayipi amanzi okuphuza |
| Ucingo lwangaphandle olungenasidingo esitheni (izindawo ezingasogwini/ezinokugqwala okuphezulu) | Izindonga zamakhethini angaphandle, izindonga ze-balcony, amathangi angaphakathi e-water heater |
| Amashalofu okugcina izinto zesikhashana, izinqola zesandla | Izitsha zamakhemikhali, izinto zokuhlanza, amaflaski e-vacuum |
4. Amathiphu Okuhlonza Okusheshayo
- Ukumuncwa kweMagneti: I-201 inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-manganese, okuholela kumagnetism enamandla kune-304, ngakho-ke inamathele kakhulu kumagnet. I-304 cishe ayinamagnetism noma i-magnetism ebuthakathaka.
- Ukuhlolwa Okubonakalayo: I-201 inokukhanya okufiphele ebusweni futhi ivame ukuba namabala okugqwala, kuyilapho i-304 inobuso obukhanyayo nobuhlanzekile okungelula ukugqwala ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Chemical Reagent: Sebenzisa uketshezi lokuhlonza insimbi engagqwali. Uma lufakwa epuletini, i-201 izophenduka ibe bomvu ngokushesha, kuyilapho i-304 ingakhombisi ushintsho lombala olusobala (ukunemba okuphezulu, kufanelekile ukuhlolwa endaweni).
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 18-2025