Ukufakwa kwamapayipi

Ukufakwa kwamapayipi kuyisici esibalulekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamasistimu amapayipi, njengezingxenye eziyinhloko kumathuluzi anembayo—amancane kodwa abalulekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamanzi kwasendlini noma isistimu yokukhipha amanzi noma inethiwekhi enkulu yamapayipi ezimboni, ukufakwa kwamapayipi kwenza imisebenzi ebalulekile efana nokuxhuma, ukulawula, ukuqondisa kabusha, ukuphambukisa, ukuvala, nokusekela, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile nokusebenza kahle kwesistimu yamapayipi.

Izinhlobo Zokufakwa Kwepayipi

Ukufakwa kwamapayipi kuza ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi futhi kungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngezindinganiso ezahlukahlukene:

• Ukuhlelwa Ngohlelo Lokusebenza: Izifakelo ezisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amapayipi, njengama-flange, zifinyelela ukuxhumana okuphephile ngoxhumo olunamabhowuthi futhi ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezidinga ukuqaqa njalo noma lapho ukuvaleka okuqinile kubalulekile. Izinyunyana zisiza ukuhlanganisa nokuhlakazwa, kanye nokulungiswa. Ama-couplings asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amapayipi amabili aqondile obubanzi obufanayo ukuze kube lula ukusebenza. Ukufakwa okushintsha isiqondiso samapayipi, njengezindololwane, nezibonelo ezivamile ezingama-90-degree kanye nama-degree angu-45-degree, zisetshenziswa lapho amapayipi kudingeka agobe, okuwavumela ukuba adlule izithiyo futhi enze lula ukwakheka okuhle. Izinto zokufakwa ezishintsha amadayimitha amapayipi, njengezinciphisi, zixhuma amapayipi anobubanzi obuhlukene, okuqinisekisa ukuguquka okushelelayo koketshezi phakathi kwazo nokuxazulula ukungafani kobubanzi bepayipi. Izinsiza zokuhlanganisa amapayipi, njengama-tee, zingahlukanisa ipayipi elilodwa libe ngamapayipi amabili noma ahlanganise amapayipi amabili kwelinye, futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni lapho ukugeleza kwehlukana khona noma kuhlangane ohlelweni lwamapayipi. Iziphambano zivumela ukuxhunywa kwamapayipi anezindlela ezine, ezifanele izidingo zegatsha eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izesekeli zokuvala amapayipi, njengama-gaskets, zibekwe phakathi kwamalunga amabili ukuze kugcwaliswe izikhala nokuvimbela ukuvuza koketshezi. Itheyiphu ye-Teflon ivamise ukusongwa ngokuxhuma okunentambo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvala. Amapuleti ayizimpumputhe asetshenziselwa ukuvala okwesikhashana noma unomphela ingxenye eyodwa yepayipi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwesistimu yamapayipi. Izesekeli zokuvikela amapayipi, njengabakaki, zisekela isisindo sepayipi futhi zinciphisa ukuwohloka okubangelwa amandla adonsela phansi noma ukucindezela koketshezi. Izinsimbi zamapayipi zivikela ngokuvikelekile ipayipi ukuvimbela ukugudluzwa.

• Ukuhlelwa ngendlela yokuxhuma: Izinto zokufakwa kwamapayipi ashiselwe zixhuma ipayipi nepayipi ngokushisela, zinikeza amandla aphezulu nokuvala kahle kakhulu. Zifanele izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ingcindezi ephezulu, nezinhlelo zamapayipi ezinezidingo eziqinile zokuvala. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokushisela iyinkimbinkimbi futhi kungaba nzima ukuyihlakaza ukuze ilungiswe kamuva. Ukufakwa kwamapayipi anemicu kusebenzisa imicu ukuze kuxhumeke, okwenza kube lula ukuzifaka nokuwahlakaza. Avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamapayipi ezinomfutho ophansi, ezinobubanzi obuncane, njengamanzi asendlini kanye nezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi. Kodwa-ke, ukuxhuma okunezintambo kunezindawo zokuvala ezibuthakathaka futhi kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuvala ukuze kuqinisekiswe uphawu oluqinile. Ukufakwa kokuminyanisa kufinyelela ukuvaleka nokuxhumeka ngokusebenzisa i-extrusion ye-ferrule, enikeza ukufakwa okusheshayo nokuvala okuthembekile. Avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamapayipi ezinobubanzi obuncane njenge-instrumentation kanye ne-pneumatics. Izinto zokufaka i-clamp zisebenzisa i-clamp ukuxhuma amapayipi amabili noma izixhumi. Banikeza ukuxhumana okulula nokufaka nokususa okusheshayo, okubenza bafaneleke izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho isivinini sibaluleke kakhulu, njengamasistimu amapayipi okuvikela umlilo. Ukufakwa kwesokhethi kufakwa ekugcineni kwepayipi bese kuvalwa. Avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amapayipi ensimbi nokhonkolo. Nakuba kulula ukuyisebenzisa, idinga ukujula okuthile nokufaka uphawu.

Izinto Zokufakwa Kwepayipi

Izindawo ezihlukene zokusebenza kanye nezindawo zemidiya izimfuno ezihlukene ekusebenzeni kokufakwa kwamapayipi, okudingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe izinto ezihlukahlukene zokufakwa kwamapayipi:

• Insimbi: Insimbi ye-Carbon inikeza izindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, amandla aphezulu, nokucutshungulwa okuhle kakhulu. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kumapayipi ajwayelekile ezimbonini nasekwakheni amanzi kanye nezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi. Kodwa-ke, i-carbon steel inokumelana nokugqwala okungekuhle futhi idinga ukwelashwa okunqanda ukugqwala okufana nokufaka uthayela nokudweba ezindaweni ezithile ezikhethekile. Insimbi engagqwali inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zokukhanda, okuyenza isetshenziswe kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nokudla, imithi, amakhemikhali, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zasolwandle, lapho ukumelana nokugqwala kufuna kakhulu. Amabanga avamile ensimbi engagqwali ahlanganisa u-304 no-316. I-316 yensimbi engagqwali ihlanganisa i-molybdenum ku-304, ithuthukise ngokwengeziwe ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene nama-chloride. Ama-alloys e-Copper ahlinzeka nge-conductivity enhle kakhulu eshisayo nekagesi, ukucutshungulwa okuhle, nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, okuwenza avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamapayipi amanzi, ukufudumeza, nokupholisa, njengamapayipi amanzi ashisayo asekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo ze-antibacterial ze-copper alloys zibanika inzuzo eyingqayizivele ezindaweni ezinezidingo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu.

• Izinto Ezingezona Zensimbi: Ukufakwa kwamapayipi epulasitiki asetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokungasindi kwawo, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuwafaka kalula, kanye nenani eliphansi. Amapayipi e-PPR avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi ashisayo nabandayo. Azinabo ubuthi, zihlanzekile, azikwazi ukumelana nokushisa, futhi ziyasebenziseka kabusha. Amapayipi e-PVC asetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi okudonsa amanzi kanye namashubhu okuvikela ikhebula, anikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kanye nezakhiwo zokuvikela. Ukufakwa kwepayipi lerabha kunikeza ukuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu nezakhiwo zokuvala. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma imishini yokufaka amapayipi ngokuxhumeka okuguquguqukayo, njengamapayipi okukhipha umshini wokuwasha kanye nezixhumi ze-sanitary fixture. Asebenza futhi njengezigxivizo ezinhlelweni zamapayipi, njengama-gaskets enjoloba nezindandatho zokuvala.

Izindawo Zokusebenza Zokufakwa Kwepayipi

Ukufakwa kwamapayipi kutholakala emikhakheni ehlukahlukene futhi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuvamile kokukhiqiza nokuphila:

• Ukwakhiwa: Kuhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamanzi kanye ne-drainage yesakhiwo, izixhumi zamapayipi zibalulekile ekuthuthweni kwamanzi asekhaya kanye nokukhipha amanzi angcolile. Kusukela ekuxhunyweni kwamapayipi amanzi angenayo ekwakhiweni kwamapayipi ezindaweni zokugezela nasemakhishini, ukufakwa kwamapayipi ahlukahlukene nama-valve kubalulekile. Isibonelo, ompompi nama-engeli valve alawula ukugeleza kokuvula nokuvala kwamanzi; amagatsha nezindololwane futhi aqondise kabusha amapayipi, okuqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanzi okushelelayo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa. Ezinhlelweni zokuvikela umlilo, ukufakwa kwamapayipi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni impilo nempahla. Amapayipi okuvikela umlilo kufanele axhunywe kunethiwekhi ephelele esebenzisa ukufakwa okuhlukahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amanzi okucima umlilo angalethwa ngokushesha nangokunembile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokucisha umlilo uma kwenzeka umlilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlelo zokuvikela umlilo zibeka izimfuno eziqinile ekuphikisweni kwengcindezi, ukuvala uphawu, nokuthembeka kokufakwa kwamapayipi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle ezimeni eziphuthumayo.

• Umkhakha Wezimboni: Embonini ye-petrochemical, izinhlelo zamapayipi zithutha izinhlobonhlobo zemithombo yezindaba evuthayo, eqhumayo, negqwalayo, ebeka izimfuno eziqine kakhulu ekufakweni kwamapayipi. Ukufakwa kwamapayipi nama-valve kufanele kube namandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvala ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziphephile nezizinzile. Isibonelo, insimbi engagqwali kanye nokufakwa kwamapayipi okukhethekile okuyingxubevange kusetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi kawoyela ongahluziwe ezindaweni zokuhluzwa kanye namapayipi ezinto ezisetshenziswa ngamakhemikhali ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali, akwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, izingcindezi eziphezulu, kanye nemithombo yezindaba egqwala kakhulu. Embonini kagesi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhiqiza ugesi oshisayo, ophehlwa ngamanzi, noma ugesi wenuzi, amapayipi amapayipi anendima ebalulekile. Amapayipi athutha imidiya efana nesitimu, amanzi, namafutha adinga ukufakwa kwamapayipi okuhambisanayo ukuze kube lula ukudluliswa, ukulawula, nokulawulwa kwale midiya. Isibonelo, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, amapayipi esitimu anengcindezi ephezulu ezitshalweni zikagesi adinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izinga eliphezulu elingamelana nokucindezela kwensimbi yamapayipi engxubevange yamapayipi kanye namavalvu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthuthwa kwesitimu ngendlela efanele nokusebenza kahle kwamayunithi.

Nakuba kubonakala kuyinto evamile, ukufakwa kwamapayipi kudlala indima engenakushintshwa ezinhlelweni zamapayipi ezihlukahlukene. Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo kuye ekunotheni kwezinto zokwakha, kanye nobubanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza, sonke isixhumanisi sixhumene eduze, sakha umhlaba omkhulu futhi ohlelekile wamapayipi. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko esimeme yemboni, ukufakwa kwamapayipi kuzoqhubeka nokusungula futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokufaka izicelo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezidinga kakhulu, okuhlinzeka ukwesekwa okuqinile ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni ezihlukahlukene.