Ⅰ-I-asidiUkukhahlela
1.- Incazelo ye-Acid-Pickling: Ama-asidi asetshenziselwa ukususa isikali se-iron oxide ngamakhemikhali ekugxilweni okuthile, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesivinini, okubizwa ngokuthi i-pickling.
2.- Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Acid-Pickling: Ngokohlobo lwe-asidi, ihlukaniswe nge-sulfuric acid pickling, i-hydrochloric acid pickling, i-nitric acid pickling, kanye ne-hydrofluoric acid pickling. Kumelwe kukhethwe izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-pickling ngokusekelwe ezintweni zensimbi, njengokugaya insimbi yekhabhoni ene-sulfuric acid kanye ne-hydrochloric acid, noma ukugaya insimbi engagqwali ngenhlanganisela ye-nitric acid kanye ne-hydrofluoric acid.
Ngokwesimo sensimbi, ihlukaniswe ngokufakwa kwensimbi, ukufakwa kwensimbi, ukufakwa kwepuleti lensimbi, ukufakwa kwensimbi, njll.
Ngokohlobo lwemishini yokuqoqa, ihlukaniswe ngokuqoqa ithangi, ukuqoqa okuqhubekayo kancane, ukuqoqa okuqhubekayo ngokuphelele, kanye nokuqoqa okunemibhoshongo.
3.- Isimiso sokuqoqwa kwe-asidi: Ukuqoqwa kwe-asidi inqubo yokususa izikali ze-iron oxide ezindaweni zensimbi kusetshenziswa izindlela zamakhemikhali, ngakho-ke kubizwa nangokuthi ukuqoqwa kwe-chemical acid. Izikali ze-iron oxide (Fe203, Fe304, Fe0) ezakhiwe ebusweni bamapayipi ensimbi ziyi-oxide eyisisekelo engancibiliki emanzini. Uma zicwiliswa esixazululweni se-asidi noma zifuthwa ngesisombululo se-asidi ebusweni, lezi zi-oxide eziyisisekelo zingadlula ochungechungeni lwezinguquko zamakhemikhali nge-asidi.
Ngenxa yemvelo ekhululekile, enezimbobo, neqhekekile yesikali se-oxide ebusweni bensimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni noma insimbi e-alloy ephansi, ehambisana nokugoba okuphindaphindiwe kwesikali se-oxide kanye nensimbi yestrip ngesikhathi sokuqondisa, ukuqondisa ukucindezeleka, kanye nokuthuthwa emgqeni wokugaya, lezi zimbobo ziyanda futhi zikhule. Ngakho-ke, isisombululo se-asidi sisabela ngesikali se-oxide ngamakhemikhali futhi sisabela nensimbi yensimbi ngokusebenzisa imifantu nama-pores. Okusho ukuthi, ekuqaleni kokugezwa kwe-asidi, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali amathathu phakathi kwesikali se-iron oxide kanye nesisombululo sensimbi ne-asidi kwenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izikali ze-iron oxide zithola ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ne-asidi futhi ziyancibilika (ukuncibilika). Insimbi yensimbi isabela ne-asidi ukuze ikhiqize igesi ye-hydrogen, ekhipha ngomshini isikali se-oxide (umphumela wokukhuhla ngomshini). I-hydrogen ye-athomu ekhiqizwayo inciphisa ama-iron oxide kuma-ferrous oxides athambekele ekuphenduleni kwe-asidi, bese isabela nama-acids okumele asuswe (ukunciphisa).
Ⅱ-Ukuphelelwa yithemba/Ukungasebenzi/Ukungasebenzi
1.- Isimiso sokudlulisa: Indlela yokudlulisa ingachazwa ngethiyori yefilimu encane, ephakamisa ukuthi ukudlulisa kungenxa yokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinsimbi nezinto ezikhipha i-oxidation, okudala ifilimu yokudlulisa i-passivation encane kakhulu, eqinile, embozwe kahle, futhi efakwe ngokuqinile ebusweni bensimbi. Lolu ngqimba lwefilimu lukhona njengesigaba esizimele, ngokuvamile luyinhlanganisela yezinsimbi ezifakwe i-oxidation. Ludlala indima ekuhlukaniseni ngokuphelele insimbi endaweni ekhipha i-corrosive, luvimbele insimbi ukuthi ingathinti indawo ekhipha i-corrosion, ngaleyo ndlela ngokuyisisekelo imise ukuncibilika kwensimbi futhi yakhe isimo sokudlulisa ukuze kufezwe umphumela wokulwa nokugqwala.
2.- Izinzuzo zokungasebenzi kahle:
1) Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuvala ezibonakalayo zendabuko, ukwelashwa kokudlulisa i-passivation kunesici sokungakhulisi nhlobo ukujiya kwento yokusebenza nokushintsha umbala, ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kanye nenani elengeziwe lomkhiqizo, okwenza ukusebenza kube lula kakhulu;
2) Ngenxa yokuthi inqubo yokudlulisa amandla ayisebenzi, i-ejenti yokudlulisa amandla ingafakwa futhi isetshenziswe ngokuphindaphindiwe, okuholela ekuphileni isikhathi eside kanye nezindleko ezingabizi kakhulu.
3) I-Passivation ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwefilimu ye-passivation yesakhiwo sama-molecule e-oxygen ebusweni bensimbi, ebumbene futhi ezinzile ekusebenzeni, futhi inomphumela wokuzilungisa emoyeni ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yendabuko yokumboza uwoyela wokulwa nokugqwala, ifilimu ye-passivation eyakhiwe yi-passivation izinzile kakhulu futhi imelana nokugqwala. Iningi lemiphumela yokushaja kungqimba lwe-oxide ihlobene ngqo noma ngokungaqondile nenqubo ye-thermal oxidation. Ezingeni lokushisa elingu-800-1250 ℃, inqubo ye-thermal oxidation esebenzisa i-oxygen eyomile, i-oxygen emanzi, noma umhwamuko wamanzi inezigaba ezintathu eziqhubekayo. Okokuqala, i-oxygen emkhathini wemvelo ingena kungqimba lwe-oxide olukhiqizwe, bese i-oxygen isakazeka ngaphakathi nge-silicon dioxide. Uma ifika ku-interface ye-Si02-Si, isabela ne-silicon ukuze yakhe i-silicon dioxide entsha. Ngale ndlela, inqubo eqhubekayo yokusabela kokungena kwe-oxygen kwenzeka, okwenza i-silicon eduze kwe-interface iguquke njalo ibe yi-silica, futhi ungqimba lwe-oxide lukhula luye ngaphakathi kwe-silicon wafer ngesivinini esithile.
Ⅲ-I-Phosphating
Ukwelashwa nge-phosphate kuyindlela yokusabela kwamakhemikhali eyakha ungqimba lwefilimu (ifilimu ye-phosphate) ebusweni. Inqubo yokwelashwa nge-phosphate isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zensimbi, ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ngefilimu evikelayo yokuhlukanisa insimbi emoyeni nokuvimbela ukugqwala; Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesisekelo semikhiqizo ethile ngaphambi kokupenda. Ngale ungqimba lwefilimu ye-phosphate, ingathuthukisa ukunamathela kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwengqimba yopende, ithuthukise izakhiwo zokuhlobisa, futhi yenze ubuso bensimbi bubukeke buhle kakhulu. Ingadlala indima yokugcoba kwezinye izinqubo zokusebenza ezibandayo zensimbi.
Ngemva kokwelashwa nge-phosphate, umsebenzi ngeke ugqwale noma unciphe isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kokwelashwa nge-phosphate kubanzi kakhulu futhi kuyinqubo yokwelapha ubuso bensimbi evame ukusetshenziswa. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nezimoto, imikhumbi, kanye nokukhiqiza imishini.
1.- Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-phosphate
Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kwendawo kuzoveza umbala ohlukile, kodwa ukwelashwa nge-phosphate kungasuselwa ezidingweni zangempela ngokusebenzisa ama-ejenti ahlukene e-phosphate ukwethula imibala ehlukene. Yingakho sivame ukubona ukwelashwa nge-phosphate ngombala ompunga, onombala, noma omnyama.
I-iron phosphating: ngemva kwe-phosphating, ubuso buzobonisa umbala we-rainbow kanye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngakho-ke kubizwa nangokuthi i-color phosphorus. Isixazululo se-phosphating sisebenzisa kakhulu i-molybdate njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ezizokwakha ifilimu ye-rainbow color phosphating ebusweni bezinto zensimbi, futhi sisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukupenda ungqimba olungezansi, ukuze kufezwe ukumelana nokugqwala kwento yokusebenza futhi kuthuthukiswe ukunamathela kwengubo yobuso.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-10-2024