Ibha Eyindilinga Yensimbi Engagqwali Ngekhwalithi Enhle

Insimbi (Fe): iyingxenye yensimbi eyisisekelo yensimbi engagqwali;

I-Chromium (Cr): iyisici esiyinhloko esenza i-ferrite, i-chromium ehlanganiswe nomoya-mpilo ingakhiqiza ifilimu ye-Cr2O3 engagqwali, ingenye yezinto eziyisisekelo zensimbi engagqwali ukuze kugcinwe ukumelana nokugqwala, okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kukhulisa ikhono lokulungisa ifilimu lensimbi, insimbi evamile engagqwali yokuqukethwe kwe-chromium kufanele ibe ngaphezu kwe-12% yokuqukethwe kwe-chromium;

I-Carbon (C): iyisici esiqinile sokwakheka kwe-austenite, ingathuthukisa kakhulu amandla ensimbi, ngaphezu kwekhabhoni ekumelaneni nokugqwala nayo inomthelela omubi;

I-Nickel (Ni): iyisici esiyinhloko esenza i-austenite, inganciphisa ukugqwala kwensimbi nokukhula kwezinhlamvu ngesikhathi sokushisa;

I-Molybdenum (Mo): iyisici sokwenza i-carbide, i-carbide eyakhiwe izinzile kakhulu, ingavimbela ukukhula okusanhlamvu kwe-austenite uma ishisa, inciphise ukuzwela okukhulu kwensimbi, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-molybdenum ingenza ifilimu ye-passivation ibe yinkimbinkimbi futhi iqine, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ngempumelelo insimbi engagqwali ye-Cl- corrosion resistance;

I-Niobium, i-titanium (Nb, Ti): iyingxenye eqinile yokwakha i-carbide, ingathuthukisa ukumelana kwensimbi nokugqwala kwe-intergranular. Kodwa-ke, i-titanium carbide inomthelela omubi kukhwalithi engaphezulu yensimbi engagqwali, ngakho insimbi engagqwali enezidingo eziphezulu ngokuvamile ithuthukiswa ngokungeza i-niobium ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza.

I-nitrogen (N): iyisici esiqinile esakha i-austenite, ingathuthukisa kakhulu amandla ensimbi. Kodwa ukuqhekeka okuguga kwensimbi engagqwali kunomthelela omkhulu, ngakho insimbi engagqwali ngezinjongo zokugxiviza ukuze ilawule ngokuqinile okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen.

I-Phosphorus, isulfure (P, S): iyisici esiyingozi ensimbi engagqwali, ukumelana nokugqwala nokugxivizwa kwensimbi engagqwali kungaba nomthelela omubi.